Introductory Class:
Usool ul Fiqh: Before we speak about this we need to learn the title and its meanings. So, Usool Fiqh is constructed upon 2 spearate words i)usool ii)Fiqh. We always need to define a word by i)Lang ii)shar3′ee….so according to language usool means foundation, principal, root etc and as for shar3′ee meaning it means i) evidence ii)a principal iii)ijmaa
Before discussing usulu fiqh we should know the meaning of the title.We can explain it in 3 parts:
1)Lughattan(lingustically):we look at what the word means according the arabic language
2) shar3iyen(according islam):when islam came it gave new meanings to the words
for example:
The word imaan lingustically means faith .And faith occurs in the heart.so this would mean that as long as a person has faith in the heart he/she would be a believer,even shaitan or fir3auwn. But islamically this isn’t correct.
*now led us look at the word usuul:
1)lughattan: in the arabic language it means–>base/root/foundations
2)shar3iyen:the word usul has 3 meanings in islam
-prinicipal
-evidence
-ijmaa3
*the second word is fiqh:
1)lughattan:diqatul faham:
It means understanding exactely what the other person is saying,because it’s possible that you think that you understand while in reality you don’t.
we can find an example in the Noble Quran when Musa alayhi salaam said:
‘Ooh Allah expand my chest for me,and remove my knot in the tongue so that they can understand me’
2)according to islam: ma3rifatu a7kaam asshar3eeyah al 3amaliya wa adeelatuhaa at-tafeesliyah
translation: Knowlege of islamic ruling related to actions with detail evidences
*There’s a reason why the author of the book used the word ma3rifa and not 3ilm.This is because the word 3ilm has no place for ignorance whatsoever. for example one of the names of Allah sub7ana wa ta3ala is Al-3alleem (The All Knowing) and Allah didn’t call himself al-3aarif. because the word ma3rifa means that the person has knowledge but is jaahil in another matter.So with the word ma3irfa it’s possible that there’s some kind of ignorance
ma’rifa is different from ilm why? because ma’rifa is built from jahl opposite to ilm which is built upon sound and sure knowledge always thus this means that fiqh (issues of fiqh) will have always issues which will be difference of opinoin in.
ahkaam:
language: shay laazim: something complusary
shar3ee :it means it is divded into 5 rulings according to Islam:
* waijb/Fard/Huthum/Laazim
1) waajib: means ‘maa amara bihi Share3u ala wajhil ilzaam’ = whatsoever the Legislater has obligated with
*but some ulema define it with its ruling which is waajib =’whatsoever you do will be rewarde and if you dont you will be punished’ but this definition is incorrect from 2 aspects
1) this way you are defining something from its rulings not explaining what it is
2) who said that if you dont do something Allah will account you for it? rather its upto Allah either He will forgive him or account him.
